For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.

Hyaluronan, also known as hyaluronic acid (HA) or hyaluronate is a large, linear, non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) with a molecular weight between 106 and 107 KDa. It is a major component of connective tissues and, thus distributed ubiquitously in the organism. About one-half of the body's entire Hyaluronan is found in the skin and about one-fourth in the skeleton and its supporting structures (ligaments, joints, etc). Hyaluronan is synthesized by fibroblasts and other specialized connective tissue cells. Hyaluronan is especially important for the structure and organization of extracellular matrices. The hyaluronan network acts as an osmotic buffer and is responsible for water homeostasis, as well as, regulating protein distribution via the formation of flow and diffusion barriers. Additional, hyaluronan interacts with proteins and cell surfaces; thus having a strong influence on cell proliferation, differentiation and tissue repair.

Hereditary diseases with disturbances of hyaluronan metabolism (e.g. Werner's syndrome (Pangeria) or acrogeria) are rare and characterized by accelerated or premature aging. Increased serum levels of hyaluronan can be seen in inflammatory processes like psoriasis or sclerosis and also during septic conditions. As a result of permanent inflammation, most chronic liver diseases are characterized by fibrosis and cirrhosis, causing a decreased capacity for hyaluronan clearance. Patients with extensive liver fibrosis and cirrhosis show markedly increased serum levels of hyaluronan; with the progression of liver fibrosis being associated with this increase. Hyaluronan is a main component of the cartilage matrix, as well as, synovial fluid. Its viscoelastic properties are responsible for proper joint function. Proliferative synovial inflammation — a key feature of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)- results in the forced synthesis of hyaluronan; increasing both the synovial and serological level of hyaluronan.

• Werner's syndrome
• Proliferative synovial inflammation
• Liver fibrosis

An enzyme immunoassay for the quantitation of Hyaluronic acid in human plasma and serum.